Effect of rhBMP-2 and Chitosan in Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells into an Osteoblastic Lineage

Aims: To analyze the effect of rhBMP-2 and Chitosan in differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLC) into an osteoblastic lineage.

Study Design: This study was designed as in vitro study and osteogenic biomarkers were determined in the culture supernatant.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta 10430 Indonesia, January – September 2016.

Methodology: Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLC) were isolated from the root of vital teeth, followed by identification of stem cells by antibody anti STRO-1. Chitosan was used at the concentration of 0.15%. The culture cells were divided into four groups as follow, the control group (PDLC) and treatment groups with recombinant human Bone Morphogenic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), the combination chitosan-rhBMP-2 and chitosan only. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined by colorimetry and osteocalcin and collagen type I were measured using ELISA.
Results: The results showed that levels of ALP tended to increase is in all groups. At day 14, the highest levels of ALP was in chitosan treated group. The concentration of collagen type 1 managed to raise is in all groups on days 14, and the highest levels Collagen type 1 occurred in RH BMP-2 and chitosan treated cells, after that decrease in all groups until day 21(p < 0.05). Osteocalcin concentration tended to increase is in all groups, and at days 21, the highest levels in with rhBMP-2 + chitosan.

Conclusion: The rhBMP-2, chitosan, and its combination induce differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells into the osteoblastic lineage.