PHYSICOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE SURFACE WATER OF RIVER NILE AND ITS CANALS

The study of surface water chemistry mainly based on the results of the chemical analysis which carried out for the thirty-nine (39) collected water samples. The analysis includes the determination of the different properties of water such as electric conductivity(EC), hydrogen ion concentration (pH), total dissolved salts (TDS), turbidity , major ions as cations ( Ca2+, Mg2+,Na+, K+),anions (CO₃2⁻,HCO₃⁻ ,SO₄2⁻,Cl⁻) together with some minor and trace components as PO₄3⁻,NO₃⁻,Pb2+,Cd2+,Sr2+ . Based on the chemical analysis data of surface water of the main irrigation system (River Nile and its Canals) the conclusions could be outlined as follows: Water salinity, Distribution of total water hardness, Distribution of major ions Hydro chemical coefficients, Hypothetical salts assemblages.