An Overview of the Epidemiology of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

This review seeks to expand the knowledge about the epidemiology of Asian sybean rust in the state of Mato Grosso and contribute to ensuring the economic sustainability of soybean crop. It is discussed the Phakopsora pachyrhizi potential of dispersal from Asia to South America and finally to Mato Grosso state. The origin of the Asian soybean rust inoculum within Mato Grosso is addressed by the survival in volunteer and soybean weed plants (Pitelli, 2015) in other crops such as cotton. Data on the adverse environmental effect on the soybean plants survival are shown mainly the water deficit from June to August. Reports on the effect air temperature and mainly solar radiation on the mortality of airborne spores during their anemophilous spread on sunny days are also discussed. This increase of knowledge aims to make the soybean-free period more efficient by the knowledge on the soybean plants survival and on the fungus viability in the month of August. Due to the proximity of soybean farms, during the soybean-free period, in other states (Tocantins, Goiás, Rondônia, etc.) and in other neighbor countries we discuss the likelihood that inoculum in the state may also originate in out-of-state crops during the Mato Grosso soybean-free period.