Forestry energy internet with high permeability of photovoltaic

The rapid development of the photovoltaic (PV) generation industry in recent years is due to the strong support from the policies of the governments of various countries, and the sharp drop in the economic costs of the PV generation industry chain brought about by its scientific and technological progress (Hansen et al., 2019). This has prompted many countries to choose PV generation to replace traditional, high-cost, thermal power generation, etc. To supply power to remote areas, it is necessary to establish a long-distance transmission line, which increases the energy loss of the line and is not conducive to the economic operation of modern power grids (Gabriel Filho et al., 2016). Solar radiation is the direct factor of PV power generation, and strong sunlight can guarantee power generation (Fu et al., 2020). Remote areas in China have good solar radiation conditions, such as Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Xinjiang, etc. If we make rational use of their solar energy resources and establish a microgrid with PV generation, we can greatly reduce the energy loss of the transmission line and meet the requirements of environmental power supply. However, photovoltaic power generation also has disadvantages, and the most important thing is that power generation cannot be reliably powered due to weather uncertainty (Fu, 2022). The most classical method to deal with PV uncertainty is to use the digital features in probability theory for uncertainty modelling, including mean value, variance, central distance and origin distance (Fu and Zhang, 2018). Energy storage is considered an effective technology to store the surplus power generated by PV systems (Debnath and Chatterjee, 2015), and the integration of PV projects should be equipped with a certain capacity of energy storage, which has become China’s PV policy. Alam et al. (2014) presented an effective method for the control of the combination of PV and storage systems based on the ramp rate to reduce the uncertainty of PV power. von Appen et al. (2014) presented a novel voltage control for the control of the combination of PV and storage systems, and the local control benefits both the energy storage system and the power grid. When planning and designing the power grid, the impact of uncertainty of PV power generation on the economy and security can be considered, and statistical machine learning can be used to model uncertainty (Fu et al., 2022). In actual projects, the capacity of energy storage is configured according to the requirements of government documents. In China, the capacity of energy storage facilities is required to be no less than one-tenth of the PV installed capacity, and some provincial capitals require this ratio to reach one-fifth. Energy internet is dominated by renewable energy, providing theoretical and engineering support for the development of PV power generation (Ma et al., 2017). The level of electrification of modern agricultural parks and agricultural processing enterprises is constantly improving, which puts forward higher requirements for the energy supply system. In this context, the agricultural energy internet has developed due to its clean, low-carbon energy sources (Fu and Niu, 2022). The land area occupied by PV power generation construction projects is often tens to hundreds of hectares. We should not only protect green water and green mountains but also develop economic construction. In the face of the practical requirements, the forestry-PV complementary becomes a feasible solution (Yu, 2018). The large-scale use of forest land in PV construction will cause a large-scale reduction in the national forest land area, which will pose a huge challenge to the national ecological security and the amount of forest land. The State Forestry Administration of China has specified the types of forest land that can be used for PV land occupation. The land use mode of “forestry-PV complementary” shall be adopted for the land, that is, determined to be suitable for forest land. It should be noted that, first, only the forestry-PV complementary mode can only be used, and second, the nature of forest land cannot be changed. The forestry energy internet (FEI) has become the key technology and development trend of “supporting the combination of PV power station construction, sand prevention and control, afforestation, etc.”