Contribution to Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Studies of Extracts of Crushed, Sieved and Rejected organs of Two Medicinal Plants from Côte d'Ivoire

Aims: This research work was carried out on the Broyat, Tamisat and Refus of the whole plant Heterotis rotundifolia and the leaves of Manihot esculenta, two medicinal plants from Côte d'Ivoire. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the size of particles from plant matrices on the extraction of organic phytocompounds and their biological activity.

Methodology: For this purpose, the crude extracts obtained by extraction (Soxhlet/maceration) and selective by liquid-liquid contact were prepared. Concerning the phytochemical screening, the selective extracts were used to carry out the TLC while the hydroethanolic crude extracts were used for identification tests by colored reactions (in tube), the dosage of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and condensed tannins as well as for their antioxidant potential and their antibacterial action. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by spectrophotometry using the DPPH radical while the antibacterial activity was estimated against the strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Results: Phytochemical screening results show that plant extracts contain polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, sterols and sugars. The Broyat yields a greater number of extractable phytocompounds than the Tamisat and the Refus, regardless of the type of extraction solvent and plant species used. The Tamisat contains the highest number of compounds of interest, and therefore displays greater antioxidant potential against DPPH and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion: At the end of this study, it emerged that it would be preferable to use the Broyat, for phytochemical studies, and the Tamisat for biological studies.