Why Thai University Students Keep the Camera Off during Online Synchronous Class?: A Critical Study from Philosophical Perspectives

Prior research suggests that camera usage in online synchronous classes enhances real-time interaction and contributes to an on-site classroom experience. However, studies also show that both students and instructors often choose not to turn on their cameras, potentially hindering the effectiveness of synchronous remote learning and diminishing its intended benefits. This research study aims to understand, from philosophical perspectives of Deontology, Liberalism and Utilitarianism, and identify the hidden logical problems that influence the students’ decision not to turn on their video cameras during live class(when teachers turn on their camera), in the quest for the timely and effective strategic solutions which are most possible and available. Based on data gathered from questionnaire survey results, the reasearcher observed that about 85% of participants from Mahidol University (Salaya, Thailand) undergraduate students who registered and studied in the year 2021, turn on their video camera only when asked to do. Only 13% always turn their camera on without being asked while the remaining 2% do not turn on their camera even when they are asked to do so by instructors. It follows that in order to enhance the effectiveness of synchronous remote learning and promote greater student engagement through video camera usage, it is imperative to develop strategic solutions for effective learning.