Assessing the Challenges of Crop Water Requirements on Agricultural Productivity and Food Security in Ghana: An Empirical Review

This review delves into how crop water requirements affect crop production and food security of Ghana. The study used a sophisticated methodology that sources pertinent literature using several search engines. It sought to clarify the complex relationship involving crop yield and water availability by concentrating on elements including climate, crop type, growth stage, and management techniques. The study emphasizes the problems with water scarcity worldwide and how they directly affect agricultural productivity. Improving water productivity in agriculture is essential, as demonstrated by the countries that are experiencing domestic agricultural deficits because of water scarcity, including Greece, Italy, Mexico, Spain, and Italy. The article examines crop water requirements (CWR), how they vary throughout crops and geographies, and how climate change is predicted to affect them. Many scholars in Ghana have indicated how important agriculture is to the country's economy and food security. The productivity and sustainability of agriculture are threatened by changes in water supply and climate change. According to studies, climate change would increase the amount of water needed for irrigation and crops, increasing the danger of water scarcity and crop failure. Water availability, water quality, usage, and water governance are all positively and negatively impacted by large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs), as is demonstrated by the assessment of LSLAs' effects. The paper closes with a discussion of the worldwide effects of climatic variability and change on food security and water shortages from a biophysical, socioeconomic, institutional, and political perspective. To solve these intricate difficulties, it is emphasized that effective water management, sustainable agriculture, and adaptive techniques are essential.