Depression and Sleep Disturbance

Depression is a most frequent reversible neuropsychiatric disease (Stanger et al., 2009; Reynolds,
2013). Depression is characterized by sad mood, dimished interest in activities which used to be
pleasurable, weight gain or loss, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, inappropriate guilt,
difficulties in concentrating, as well as recurrent thoughts of death (Carvalho et al., 2014). Depression
is an illness which falls within the spectrum of affective disorders. Depression poses a substantial
burden globally – and to the individual suffering from this disorder (Young, 2007).
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY), vitamin B12 deficiency, and to a lesser extentent folate deficiency
are suggested to be related to depressive disorders (Folstein et al., 2007). There is a connection
between high HCY levels, neurotransmitter discharge, and depression (Miller, 2008); Reynolds,
2013).