Theoretical Study of Flow Phenomena in the Constricted Tubes

The major health issue in the modern world is cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases are actually group diseases associated with the abnormal functioning of the blood vessels. These diseases have a close relationship with the nature of blood movement. In the view of this, the study of blood flow through various types of arteries is of considerable importance in many cardiovascular diseases. One of such disease is Stenosis, is progressive of cardiovascular disease. Stenosis can happen in all arteries. It is one of the most frequent abnormalities in blood circularity. Stenosis is defined as a partial occlusion of the arteries due to the accumulation of fatty substances, cholesterol, calcium, cellular waste products and other substances on inner walls of the artery. Cardiovascular system can cause circulatory disorders by reducing or occluding the blood supply which may result in serious consequences like chest pain, shortness of breath, heart attack and strokes. The hemodynamic behavior of the blood flow is influenced by the presence of the arterial stenosis. If the stenosis is present in an artery, normal blood flow is disturbed. The actual causes of stenosis are not well known but its effects on the cardiovascular system can be understood by studying the blood flow through stenosed arteries.

The main aim of this book is to analyze the flow problems in the stenosed arteries, because the flow problems play vital role in the arterial network system, which will furnish a better assessment of physiology on human body.

The objective of this book is to examine the different physiological situations and develops mathematical models by contemplating different non-Newtonian fluids with mixture of nanoparticles in constricted tubes under various situations. The main fluid flow characteristics namely, resistance to the flow, pressure drop, wall shear stress, temperature profile and nanoparticle phenomena are discussed in detail. This can play a significant role in the development and progression of the pathological conditions. Hence a detailed knowledge of the flow field in a stenosed artery may help in proper understanding and prevention of arterial diseases.